The paper deals with the analysis of recent legal innovations and amendments in the legislation related to personal data protection against the leaks caused by digitalization and globalization challenges. The author emphasizes the increasing number of cyber threats as well as the need for improved legislation to address these challenges.
The research employs a comparative legal analysis of existing legislation, as well as some recent amendments to regulatory legal acts aiming to strengthen personal data protection. The author examines such key issues as the growth of data breaches, and proposes some measures to address them, including implementing cyber insurance and increasing liability for data leaks.
The main issues in the area of personal data protection have been identified, including the increase in data breaches and illegal use of information through the employment of Deepfake technologies. To address these issues, measures have been proposed, such as improving legislation through the introduction of cyber insurance and increasing administrative and criminal penalties for data breaches. Additionally, legal mechanisms to combat Deepfake technologies have been considered.
The research findings can be utilized to further refine the legislation in the realm of personal data protection and raise the citizens’ awareness of cyber risks. The suggested measures, including cyber insurance and heightened accountability, can be instrumental in reducing the frequency of data breaches and enhancing information security. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity for harmonizing legislation and enhancing the skills of IT professionals and legal experts.
This study aims to compare popular representations of masculinity in Russian-language mass culture with the online user queries related to masculinity. The research focuses on the images of masculinity presented in contemporary Russian media content. Employing a comprehensive approach combining document analysis and discourse analysis, the authors examine the prevalence of traditional and new forms of masculinity in popular films and song lyrics. A custom-designed classifier was developed to analyze and categorize the empirical data. The analysis revealed that traditional masculinity remains dominant in the examined media content. Mass culture, for the most part, reinforces traditional gender roles, portraying men whose identities are constructed around violence and emotional restraint. Future research perspectives include assessing the impact of traditional and new masculinities on interpersonal relationships and testing the hypothesis of a link between traditional masculinity and tolerance for violence in various forms.
The research consists in identifying the most effective strategy for supporting relations with the African continent via international summits building on comparing the approaches of Russia and the United States to this issue. The research methodology includes systemic and statistical approaches. Within the framework of the study, special emphasis is placed on the scaling method. The study has established the high importance of international summits as a foreign policy instrument. Within the framework of the comparative paradigm of Russian and American summits, a range of distinctive features of national approaches to organizing these events is given featuring their advantages and disadvantages. The practical application of the work lies in the possibility of applying its results to support the activities of Russian foreign policy institutions and furthering academic awareness of domestic educational and methodological materials of higher education institutions. The proposed method for comparing foreign policy strategies for holding international summits of Russia and the United States with African leaders is universally applicable.
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of interstate summits of Russia and the United States with African leaders. The study obtained data have been unifi ed in a summary table for their further comparison. The following indicators have been used to compile the unifi cation of the obtained data: “The number of participating countries”, “Percentage of participating countries to the total number of countries on the African continent”, “The number of African countries represented at the fi rst and second levels of government”, “Percentage of countries represented at the highest level to the total number of forum participants”, “Number of bilateral meetings of state leaders at the highest level”, “Percentage of African leaders with whom negotiations were held to the total number of leaders”, “The number of agreements concluded within the framework of summits”, “The number of contracts concluded within the framework of summits”, “The amount of promised investment by the host country”.
The study results in interpreting the signifi cance of interstate summits with African leaders as a relevant diplomatic instrument of foreign policy of world powers. The author highlights the reasons for organizing such summits by world powers, as well as the reasons for the participation of representatives of the Global South in such events.
Introduction: The paper highlights the problem of disproportionality in migration processes within the Russian Federation on the example of the North-West Federal District (NWFD).
Objective: to determine the dynamics of migration growth in the NWFD regions and its impact on the potential of socio-economic development of the regions of this federal district.
Methods: the analysis of official statistical data; modelling of losses of the NWFD regions’ economies from migration loss in these regions during the period under consideration. Results: It has been pointed out that 6 of 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the NWFD experienced migration loss during the period from 2019 to 2023, with the main share of migrants falling on the population of working age, as well as the population younger than working age; the impact of migration loss in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the NWFD on their socio-economic potential was modelled in terms of the decrease in tax revenues from personal income due to migration loss of working-age population in the budgets during the period from 2019 to 2023, as well as the forecast for the first half of the year.
Conclusions: between 2019 and 2023 in the majority of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the NWFD (6 out of 11) there was migration attrition; at the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the rate of migration attrition.
As a recommendation, the author suggests improving the methodology of statistical accounting of migration, elaborating a more detailed age structure of the migrating population to improve the effectiveness of the programs to attract labor force to the region, as well as to consider the possibility of developing a network of small towns in the NWFD regions as a measure to counteract unidirectional, centripetal migration in the federal district.
The US-China trade war is a signifi cant event with far – reaching consequences. It affects not only the bilateral economic relationship but also the global economic structure. It has brought about substantial uncertainties, especially in the financial area. The objective of this paper is to explore the economic impacts of the US-China trade war on China’s financial market by a multi-faceted methodology anchored in the World Bank’s “Global Financial Development Database.” This approach enables an in-depth examination of three crucial dimensions: financial market access, depth, and efficiency. The trade war has adversely affected the revenues and profi ts of large corporations, as evidenced by the increase in trade value and market capitalization for the firms outside the top 10 from 2018 to 2019. The US-China trade war has induced considerable fluctuations in the returns of Chinese equities, especially within export-driven industries, which experienced negative cumulative average abnormal returns following the imposition of tariffs. Nonetheless, the effects vary depending on sector – specific characteristics and China’s strategic countermeasures. The financial market depth index shows that the trade war has led to the progress in China’s financial policies and technological reforms. At the same time, through comprehensive reforms, the financial markets have shown their strength and mitigated the negative impacts of trade disputes. Moreover, the conflict has changed investors’ perception of the macro – economic environment, affecting non – exporting sectors like banking, thus highlighting the far – reaching implications of international trade disputes.
The period of global challenges imprints on people’s consciousness. It can be described as ‘fear for the lives of their family members’, as well as ‘uncertainty about the peaceful life in the future’. Attempting to seek some kind of support, people are turning to magicians, sorcerers, psychics for advice, which criminals take advantage of by exploiting superstitions widespread in the public, committing fraud in the occult-magical sphere. In conducting the study were employed such techniques of cognition, as abstraction, analysis, synthesis and comparison. The result of the study consists in the author’s classification of the ways of committing fraud in the occult-magical sphere developed on the basis of the empirical data. The practical significance of the research for potential victims consists in the fact that on the basis of many judicial acts the awareness and acceptance of the fact that the possibility of ‘influence’ on the astral world is an illusion, and all those who offer this kind of services are fraudsters; for law enforcement agencies – improving the tactics of investigation and detection of this crime (e.g., on the basis of the model of the criminal’s behavior, the decision on joining or separating the criminal case).
The article is devoted to the analysis of the ratio of preferential rights and privilege rights in the context of modern law enforcement. Ozhegov’s dictionary defines “advantage” as a benefit, superiority, or exclusive right, and “privilege” as a preferential right or privilege. In the legislation of the Russian Federation, the terms are used without a clear distinction. The identifi cation of the reasons for this gap and the validity of the use of these types of rights have become the main research issues. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees equality of rights, but preferential rights and privileges can create inequality if their use is justifi ed and does not contradict the Constitution. The study revealed that preferential rights are granted to subjects who own objects of civil rights, whose activities benefit society. Privileges, in turn, are granted to those in need or to entities performing government functions. It was also argued that privilege is a category included in preferential rights.
The scientific novelty of the research is due to the opportunity to identify the features, establish criteria and limits for distinguishing the legal categories of preferential rights and privilege rights in the legal mechanism of their application, both in the theory of law and at the legislative level of legal regulation. The essence of the research lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of elements of similarity and difference, the contradictory nature of these categories, and in some cases, confusion, their independence and specificity are proved, which do not contradict the norms of law and allow to establish the limits of the use of the terms “advantages” or “privileges” and their isolation from other related legal categories.
The paper is concerned with the asymmetry in the economic relationship between the United States of America (USA) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), focusing on the implications of their trade war. The objective is to predict which nation could withstand greater economic pressure and potentially win a severe trade confrontation. Employing a multi faceted approach, the study utilizes the Sectoral Hirschmann index, Regional Hirschmann index, Marginal Propensity to Import (MPM), and Import Penetration index to analyze trade dynamics. The results have shown the increase of China’s export diversifi cation, as evidenced by its Sectoral Hirschmann index with a downward trend, as well as its signifi cantly lower Regional Hirschm ann index, indicating that China is actively seeking to penetrate various international markets, reducing reliance on the USA. Conversely, the USA exhibits a stable, diversifi ed export structure, but its trend of index shows a growing concentration in certain sectors. China’s high import penetration index refl ects its dependency on imports, typical of its role in the global supply chain, while the USA’s lower index suggests strong domestic production. The fi ndings suggest that the USA is more independent in absolute terms, but in terms of trends, China’s proactive economic strategies post-trade war have been more effective, and, if the trends persist, the USA risks losing the trade war in the future. The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of trade diversifi cation for nations to enhance resilience against geopolitical and economic uncertainties.
The paper presents the characteristics of ‘cancellation culture’ as a destructive social phenomenon violating the fundamental legal principles: the presumption of innocence, the right to the access to justice, freedom of thought and speech, the right to labor and creativity and some others.
The methodological framework of the study is based on the universal scholarly dialectical method, which was implemented for the detailed analysis of the object and subject of the study. The research also involved the application of historical-legal and formal-logical methods, as well as concrete-sociological, systemic and comparative analyses.
Such form has been shown as an obvious foundation for subsequent degradation of society, negating all the achievements of mankind in the realm of rights and freedoms. The trend has been identifi ed towards the development of ‘cancellation culture’ in Russia. At the same time, Russian legislation has not had enough time to respond to this challenge: new norms have not been introduced, and the existing ones cannot be properly implemented. The reason for this is believed to be a lack of awareness of the danger of the ‘cancellation culture’ gaining popularity and people’s somewhat frivolous attitude to its consequences. This is evidenced, in particular, by the almost complete absence of judicial intervention in the most high-profi le cases of the ‘cancellation culture’.
The paper analyzes the current administrative and criminal legislation of the Russian Federation to identify appropriate mechanisms to combat the «cancel culture». The author suggests the solutions for supplementing legislation to ensure legal protection of individuals from the negative effects of the «cancel culture» to be employed in law enforcement, legislative and human rights activities, as well as in further academic research into this issue as well as some related problems.
The paper deals with the research into the problematic aspects of countering drug trafficking on the Internet, which is a serious and ever-growing threat to public health. The relevance of the subject could be accounted for by the specificity of the online environment, which provides opportunities for anonymity, cross-border activities and rapid distribution of illicit substances. The major issue addressed consists in identifying and systematizing the key factors hindering the effective combating online drug trafficking, despite the efforts of law enforcement agencies.
The research employed a comprehensive methodological approach, including systemic analysis to consider the issue as a multi-level system with interrelated elements.
The findings obtained highlighted a number of key problematic aspects, including the rapid development of the so-called ‘darknet’, the use of anonymous technologies, the criminals’ high technological proficiency, as well as and their rapid adaptation to new tools, the cross-border nature of the Internet, the scale and the rate at which drug information is disseminated online, and the challenges in identifying the actors involved in illicit activities.
The practical benefi ts of the study consist in the possibility of utilizing the identified problematic aspects to develop and improve the strategies and the tactics for countering drug trafficking on the Internet.
The findings can be used in the elaboration of new legislative initiatives aimed at regulating activities in the online environment, as well as in the design of specialized training programs for law enforcement offi cers involved in combating cybercrime. The results of the study may also contribute to developing cooperation in this area and generating effective technical solutions for identifying and blocking resources used for drug trafficking.
